Source characterization of full-scale jet noise using acoustic intensity

Vector acoustic intensity provides both the direction and magnitude of energy flow at the probe location and is, hence, more informative than acoustic pressure measurements. However, this important quantity has seen little application previously in aeroacoustics. In the present work, an intensity probe, consisting of four microphones, captured the radiated field to the sideline and aft of a tethered, full-scale military jet aircraft as one engine was operated at multiple engine conditions. Data from each probe location provide a frequency-dependent map of the sound flow near the aircraft. The vector acoustic intensity is estimated using a recently developed processing technique that extends the upper frequency limit of the traditional cross-spectrum-based calculations. The dominant intensity vectors are traced back to the jet centerline as a method of approximating the extent and location of the source region as a function of frequency. As expected for jet mixing noise sources, the resulting source region estimates contract and move upstream with increasing frequency. A comparison of estimated source regions and intensity directionalities between military and afterburner engine conditions reveals important distinctions in the sound fields.