Enforcement against vehicle noise from aftermarket parts in the United States: a qualitative analysis of stakeholders' opinions

Background: Disruptive environmental sounds, estimated to impact at least 145 million Americans, correlate with higher risk for hypertension, adverse cardiovascular events, and hearing loss. Traffic noise, especially from vehicles with aftermarket parts, is a major contributor to environmental noise. Restrictions on vehicle noise vary by state and are rarely enforced. Aim: To understand perspectives of individuals, government officials, and special interests regarding vehicle noise enforcement. Methods: Two focus groups and 27 one-on-one interviews were conducted, primarily on Zoom. The stakeholders interviewed were: 13 concerned residents, two auto shop owners, 8 auto enthusiasts, two police departments, one city councilor, and one special interest group. Call guides were developed based on background research and 238 written comments. Interviews were transcribed, summarized, and analyzed using qualitative coding. Results: While residents and enthusiasts agree drivers must be considerate, only enthusiasts prefer neighbor dialogue to government enforcement. Government officials favor in-person police enforcement but are considering acoustic cameras and other targeted approaches. All agree that vehicle noise should not be prioritized over more serious public safety matters. Conclusion: An effective compromise is possible. Governments should continue in-person noise enforcement while altering the built environment and beginning publicity campaigns to discourage noisy and reckless driving.