3D shape optimization of loudspeakers

Improving the performance of loudspeaker units and cabinet designs traditionally relies on a combination of trial and error, sometimes based on a lumped parameter modelling approach. During the last decades, however, large-scale numerical simulations are playing a growing role as a means of improving performance of complex engineering devices such as loudspeakers. However, a numerical model still relies on the experience of the operating engineer to make the appropriate design changes. This can be a difficult task. The use of numerical simulations combined with optimization has a huge potential for further guiding the design process of advanced industrial products where intuition alone is not sufficient. Nevertheless, broadband acoustic simulations are still very time consuming. In this work, we explore the efficiency of a newly proposed semi-analytical adjoint sensitivity approach based on the boundary element method in combination with a lumped parameter model. The sensitivity analysis is used to shape optimize the cabinet of a loudspeaker using free form deformation. The objective of the optimization is to improve frequency responses and directivity patterns.