It has been hypothesized that environmental noise plays a role in the manifestation and severity of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, but evidence is limited. We investigated the cross-sectional associations between residential and school road traffic noise exposure
and ADHD symptoms and diagnosis. The sample included n=1710 10-12 year old children from the Netherlands who participated in the TRAILS study. Children with diagnosed ADHD (n=229) originated from the TRAILS clinic-referred cohort. Children who screened positive for ADHD symptoms (n=341) in
addition to a gender matched screen-negative sample (n=1140) came from the TRAILS population cohort. ADHD symptoms were measured using a DSM-IV based subscale from the Child Behavior Checklist. Road traffic noise (Lden) was estimated at the residence and school level, by model calculation.
Analyses were adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors and known risk factors for ADHD. Risk ratios for ADHD symptoms and ADHD diagnoses, and regression coefficients for symptom severity were estimated separately and simultaneously for residential and school road traffic noise. Adjusted
multinomial models with residential road traffic noise showed that residential noise was not associated with ADHD symptoms, but was associated with lower risks for ADHD diagnosis (RR= 0.93; 95% CI 0.89, 0.97). Similar associations were observed for models including school road traffic noise
and models including both exposures. No clear exposure response relationship was observed for associations between residential or school noise and ADHD symptom severity. We found no evidence for a harmful association between road traffic noise and ADHD. The associations between higher noise
levels and lower risks for ADHD were observed only in referred cases with a confirmed ADHD diagnosis. The absence of an association with ADHD severity suggests that this is a chance finding.
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Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations:
1:
Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal). Barcelona, Spain
2:
The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO). Delft, the Netherlands
3:
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Bilthoven, the Netherlands
4:
University of Groningen (RUG), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG). Groningen, Netherlands.
Publication date:
30 September 2019
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