@article {Takahashi:2023:0736-2935:6092,
title = "The effect of amplitude-modulation methods and speaker gender on monosyllable articulation by distantly-presented bone-conducted ultrasound",
journal = "INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings",
parent_itemid = "infobike://ince/incecp",
publishercode ="ince",
year = "2023",
volume = "268",
number = "2",
publication date ="2023-11-30T00:00:00",
pages = "6092-6098",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "0736-2935",
url = "https://ince.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/ince/incecp/2023/00000268/00000002/art00012",
doi = "doi:10.3397/IN_2023_0895",
author = "Takahashi, Naoya and Otsuka, Sho and Nakagawa, Seiji",
abstract = "Bone-conducted ultrasound (BCU) can be heard and can transmit speech information using amplitude-modulation (AM). Additionally, BCU can be heard even on distal-parts of the body; e.g., the neck, trunk, and upper limbs. Since transmission path of the distantly-presented BCU is much longer
and complicated than the ordinary-BCU presented to the head, it may contain tissues with strong nonlinearity like cartilages and generate some amount of self-demodulation components. Previous studies have indicated that the self-demodulation components contribute to improve the hearing of
distantly-presented AM-BCU, however, self-demodulation components are thought to be affected by AM-methods and modulator characteristics. In this study, effects of the AM-methods and the speaker-gender on distantly-presented AM-BCU hearing were assessed by Japanese mono-syllable articulation
testsin seven normal-hearing subjects. The articulation generally decreased as the presentation location moved away from the head, whereas the neck showed higher than the mastoid in some conditions. Effects of AM-methods on the articulationwere similarto those observed in the previous study
on ordinary-BCU (DSB-TC Transposed SSB, DSB-SC). Also, female-voice showed higher articulation than male-voice, especially in the distal locations. The results suggested that self-modulation components have significant effect, although the AM-methods affect dominantly on hearing
of the distantly-presented AM-BCU.",
}