INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings

Mixing materials in false ceilings to increase sound diffusion in education spaces
pp. 5002-5006(5)
Authors: Fratoni, Giulia; D'Orazio, Dario; Barbaresi, Luca; Garai, Massimo; Cappellini, Luca

Costing the benefit of low noise surfacing
pp. 5007-5012(6)
Author: Muirhead, Matthew

Acoustic Shielding and Scattering Effects of a Propeller Mounted Above a Flat Plate
pp. 5013-5024(12)
Authors: Hanson, Liam; Baskaran, Kabilan; Zang, Bin; Azarpeyvand, Mahdi

Investigation of the applicability of recurrent neural networks for structural health monitoring in the frequency domain
pp. 5025-5036(12)
Authors: Outzen, Lukas; Ring, Tobias P.; Langer, Sabine C.

Towards a low cost method for measuring the airborne sound insulation of partitions
pp. 5037-5044(8)
Authors: Whittle, Gabriel; Wong-McSweeney, Daniel; Meggitt, Joshua; Elliott, Andrew

A quantitative approach to density-based clustering of flight trajectories for efficient air traffic noise simulations
pp. 5045-5056(12)
Authors: Mysore Guruprasad, Shreyas; Felix Greco, Gil; P. Ring, Tobias; C. Langer, Sabine

Design Of virtual binaural manikins and auditorium acoustic system
pp. 5057-5063(7)
Authors: E., Eusébio; Conceição, Mª Ines; Lúcio, Mª Manuela J.; Gomes, João M.; Awbi, Hazim

Can acoustic design accommodate aural diversity?
pp. 5064-5071(8)
Author: Davies, Bill

Virtual work experience in acoustics
pp. 5072-5076(5)
Authors: Muirhead, Matthew; Wills, Vicky

Influencing companies to purchase lower noise tool consumables?
pp. 5077-5088(12)
Authors: Steel, Chris; Hawker, Antonia

Effects of aircraft noise on psychophysiological feedback in under-route open spaces
pp. 5089-5094(6)
Authors: Qu, Fei; Xie, Qi

Enhanced 3D (three dimensional) acoustic scene analysis based on sound arrival direction for automatic airport noise monitoring.
pp. 5095-5101(7)
Authors: Sakoda, Keishi; Yamada, Ichiro

Serial recall performance under different room acoustic conditions
pp. 5102-5110(9)
Authors: Selzer, Jan; Schelle, Florian; Fiebig, André

Sonic Boom over land avoidance and the impact on economic feasibility
pp. 5111-5119(9)
Author: Pfaender, Holger

Spatial audio for interactive hearing research
pp. 5120-5127(8)
Authors: Kuntz, Matthieu; Seeber, Bernhard U.

A slug length calculation for a contraction with mean flow between two half cylinders
pp. 5128-5132(5)
Authors: Na, Wei; Yang, Dong; Surendran, Aswathy; Boij, Susann; Morgans, Aimee; Yao, Huadong

An in-plane flexible ring model for the analysis of the free and forced response of a rolling tyre
pp. 5133-5140(8)
Authors: Rapino, Luca; La Paglia, Ivano; Ripamonti, Francesco; Corradi, Roberto; Baro, Simone

Combined acoustic testing of home appliances: a case study
pp. 5141-5147(7)
Authors: Rapino, Luca; La Paglia, Ivano; Ripamonti, Francesco; Corradi, Roberto; Acri, Antonio

Application of active noise control based on neural network to vehicle's engine sound
pp. 5148-5150(3)
Authors: Lee, Donghyeon; Kim, Narae; Park, Junhong

Localization of higher order exceptional points from finite element model and their applications to duct acoustics.
pp. 5151-5159(9)
Authors: Nennig, Benoit; Perrey-Debain, Emmanuel; Ghienne, Martin

Burden of disease due to transportation noise in the Nordic countries
pp. 5160-5166(7)
Authors: Aasvang, Gunn Marit; Stockfelt, Leo; Sørensen, Mette; Turunen, Anu; Roswall, Nina; Yli-Tuomi, Tarja; Ögren, Mikael; Kollanus, Virpi; Lanki, Timo; Selander, Jenny; Vincens, Natalia; Pyko, Andrei; Pershagen, Göran; Sulo, Gerhard; Kocbach Bølling, Anette

On the decay of entropic-compositional sources of indirect noise in combustors
pp. 5167-5178(12)
Authors: Fattahi, Abolfazl; Rahmani, Ebrahim; Karimi, Nader; Hosseinalipour, S. Mostafa

Experimental study of the Sound Absorption of Nylon Woven Fabric
pp. 5179-5185(7)
Authors: Wang, Fang; Cai, Zenong; Li, Xianhui; Gai, Xiaoling; Xing, Tuo

Methods of Mode Generation Inside Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers
pp. 5186-5192(7)
Authors: Kincaid, Peter Seigo; Porcelli, Alessandro; Arimondo, Ennio; Neves, Antonio Alvaro Ranha; Camposeo, Andrea; Pisignano, Dario; Ciampini, Donatella

Uncertainty of structure-borne sound source quantities and the installed power from interlaboratory test results according to EN 15657
pp. 5193-5198(6)
Authors: Scheck, Jochen; Wittstock, Volker; Villot, Michel

Effects of binaural classroom noise scenarios on primary school children's speech perception and listening comprehension
pp. 5199-5205(7)
Authors: Leist, Larissa; Reimers, Carolin; Fremerey, Stephan; Fels, Janina; Raake, Alexander; Klatte, Maria

Evaluating the restorative potential of church buildings
pp. 5206-5218(13)
Authors: Laplace, Josée; Guastavino, Catherine

Limitations of FxLMS in Feedforward Active Vibration Control of a Nonlinear Two-Degree-of-Freedom System
pp. 5219-5229(11)
Authors: Pike, Xander; Cheer, Jordan

A longitudinal study into response to vibrations and noise due to rail traffic: design, questionnaire and respons
pp. 5230-5234(5)
Authors: Simon, Sendrick; van Kempen, Elise; Kock, Arnaud; Mabjaia, Nick; van Kamp, Irene

A new Building Regulation for overheating: practical considerations for the acoustic constraints
pp. 5235-5246(12)
Authors: Harvie-Clark, Jack; Conlan, Nick; Dobinson, Nicholas; Kazlauciunas, Rupert

Habitats: Managing the Ecological Impacts of Noise on Wildlife Habitats for Sustainable Development
pp. 5247-5251(5)
Authors: Waddington, David; Wood, Mike; Davies, Bill; Young, Rob

An audio-based vehicle classifier using convolutional neural network
pp. 5252-5258(7)
Authors: Bakirci, Ekim; Aygun, Haydar

Assessing human activity noise in workspaces using machine learning and numerical models
pp. 5259-5269(11)
Authors: De Salvio, Domenico; Fratoni, Giulia; D'Orazio, Dario; Garai, Massimo

The influence of model assumptions in a hybrid prediction tool for railway induced vibration
pp. 5270-5278(9)
Authors: Thompson, David; Ntotsios, Evangelos; Bouvet, Pascal; Nélain, Brice; Nuber, Andreas; Fröhling, Bernd; Seyfaddini, Fakhraddin; Herremans, Geertrui; Reumers, Pieter; Lombaert, Geert; Degrande, Geert

Clustering analyses to assess HVAC noise in real-world conditions
pp. 5279-5285(7)
Authors: De Salvio, Domenico; D'Orazio, Dario; Garai, Massimo

Validation of a potential-based active sound control methodology
pp. 5286-5291(6)
Authors: Lim, Hyun; Gomez-Agustina, Luis

On homogenized ribbed-panel model for SEA analysis
pp. 5292-5303(12)
Authors: Mejdi, Abderrazak; Alimonti, Luca; Gardner, Bryce

The effect of the vibrissa shaped cylinder on the aeolian tone mitigation
pp. 5304-5311(8)
Authors: Chen, Guanjiang; Liu, Xiao; Zang, Bin; Azarpeyvand, Mahdi

The meaning of sound environment for children with special needs: Action research on room acoustics in the child development support center
pp. 5312-5318(7)
Authors: Noguchi, Saki; Arai, Minami; Ueno, Kanako; Funaba, Hisao; Matsumoto, Tomoko; Watanabe, Ryoko

Towards high frequency boundary element methods for multiple scattering
pp. 5319-5325(7)
Authors: Chandler-wilde, Simon; Langdon, Stephen; Phillips, Oliver

Effects of noise presence and noise position on interpersonal distance in a triadic conversation.
pp. 5326-5331(6)
Authors: Hladek, Lubos; Seeber, Bernhard

Experiences with source characterization methods within and beyond the scope of EN 15657
pp. 5332-5342(11)
Authors: Schöpfer, Fabian; Kruse, Tobias; Weinzierl, Johanna; Mayr, Andreas; Schanda, Ulrich

Vibrational damping properties of finite microperforated plates
pp. 5343-5349(7)
Authors: Gallerand, Lucie; Legrand, Mathias; Dupont, Thomas; Leclaire, Philippe

Systematic Review of meta-analyses for noise
pp. 5350-5357(8)
Authors: Chen, Yingxin; Blackmore, Claire; Eminson, Katie; Gong, Xiangpu; Hansell, Anna

Wicked problems in an aviation noise system
pp. 5358-5367(10)
Authors: Runebjörk, Isabel; Runebjörk Werner, Isabel; Ulfvengren, Pernilla

Noise effects on health in studies in Low-Middle-income-countries (LMICs): a narrative review update of epidemiological evidence
pp. 5368-5374(7)
Authors: Chen, Yingxin; Hansell, Anna; Cai, Samuel

Prediction of turnout support deterioration through dynamic train-track interactions integrated with artificial intelligence
pp. 5375-5382(8)
Authors: Sresakoolchai, Jessada; Hamarat, Mehmet; Kaewunruen, Sakdirat

The Vibration Reduction Index of Typical Canadian Cross-laminated Timber Junctions
pp. 5383-5386(4)
Authors: Mahn, Jeffrey; Müller-Trapet, Markus; Cunha, Iara

Effect of urban morphology and greening on noise and air pollution - case studies including disease burden estimates
pp. 5387-5392(6)
Authors: Forssén, Jens; Haeger-Eugensson, Marie; Berghauser Pont, Meta; Gustafson, Andreas; Achberger, Christine; Rosholm, Niklas

An inter-laboratory study to quantify the repeatability, reproducibility, and bias of sound power measurement methods
pp. 5393-5398(6)
Authors: Underwood, Samuel; Wang, Lily

The role of sound emergence for aircraft noise annoyance
pp. 5399-5410(12)
Authors: Schreckenberg, Dirk; Belke, Christin; Wothge, Jördis; Guski, Rainer

Five Levels of Soundscape Design
pp. 5411-5417(7)
Author: Siebein, Gary

Structureborne noise transmission from a sports court
pp. 5418-5424(7)
Authors: Dong, Wayland; Rawlings, Samantha; LoVerde, John

Analysing changes in physiological response to different soundscape scenarios.
pp. 5425-5435(11)
Authors: Manohare, Manish; Rajasekar, Elangovan; Oberman, Tin; Aletta, Francesco; Kang, Jian; Parida, Manoranjan

Investigation of vibration-based measurements of impact and airborne noise insulation
pp. 5436-5442(7)
Authors: Dong, Wayland; LoVerde, John; Shafer, Ben; Girdhar, Sunit

The city of Ravello and its hundreds clerical buildings. Acoustic discoveries of the St Mary Gradillo's church
pp. 5443-5450(8)
Authors: Lombardi, Ilaria; Parente, Rosaria; Sukaj, Silvana

A Study on Improving the Robustness of Virtual Sensing Methods in ANC Systems
pp. 5451-5458(8)
Authors: Kajikawa, Yoshinobu; Kajikawa, Yoshinobu

Psychoacoustic properties of tire-road noise and the relation to noise annoyance
pp. 5459-5466(8)
Authors: Fiebig, Andre; Jakobs, Christoph

An investigation of classroom sound levels as a function of class size
pp. 5467-5475(9)
Author: James, Adrian

Acoustic monitoring to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic noise within a park
pp. 5476-5484(9)
Authors: Zambon, Giovanni; Potenza, Andrea; Bisceglie, Alessandro; Confalonieri, Chiara; Canedoli, Claudia; Padoa Schioppa, Emilio; Benocci, Roberto

Numerical study of sonic boom propagation through atmospheric turbulence using open data of weather research and forecasting
pp. 5485-5494(10)
Authors: Koganezawa, Shinya; Naka, Yusuke; Ishikawa, Hiroaki; Shimada, Ryo

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community noise
pp. 5495-5499(5)
Authors: Park, Sang Hee; Shin, Hye-Kyung; Kim, Kyoung-Woo

Quantifying and Reducing Embodied Carbon in the Acoustic Design of Mass Timber Buildings
pp. 5500-5509(10)
Author: Bligh, James

Numerical simulation of vibroacoustic damping by granular materials
pp. 5510-5517(8)
Author: Asakura, Takumi

Investigation of electric vehicle noise sources on low-noise road surfaces
pp. 5518-5529(12)
Authors: Pallas, Marie-agnès; Bianchetti, Simon; Le Bellec, Adrien; Cesbron, Julien

Low Frequency Noise - An inventory of literature and of the situation in the Netherlands
pp. 5530-5535(6)
Authors: White, Kim; Versteeg, Anja; Kok, Arnaud; van Poll, Ric; Dusseldorp, Annelike

Experimental study on vibration response of wooden house façade to low-frequency outdoor sound
pp. 5536-5544(9)
Authors: Liu, Jinyu; Inoue, Naohisa; Sakuma, Tetsuya

Wake-adapted ducted propeller for full-scale generic underwater vehicle: parametric study on blade skew for unsteady propeller thrust
pp. 5545-5552(8)
Authors: Takahashi, Kenshiro; Gargan-Shingles, Chris

The effects of different sound environments on physiological stress recovery and perceived restorativeness.
pp. 5553-5561(9)
Authors: Masullo, Massimiliano; Toma, Roxana Adina; Navarro Ruiz, Juan Miguel; Hernandez Bellot, Jorge; Maffei, Luigi

The impact of China's traffic noise spectrum on the Single-number-quantities (SNQs) evaluation of airborne sound insulation in the new era
pp. 5562-5567(6)
Author: Cai, Yangsheng

Amplitude-decorrelation avoiding spectral artifacts of sound field synthesis in the anechoic chamber or free sound field
pp. 5568-5577(10)
Authors: Zotter, Franz; Frank, Matthias; Müller, Gregor-Johannes; Pinkas, Julia; Bayer, Oliver

From sport to science: the acoustics of a pool transformed into an auditorium
pp. 5578-5584(7)
Authors: Berardi, Umberto; Bevilacqua, Antonella; Lombardi, Ilaria; Iannace, Gino; Trematerra, Amelia

Influential Factors on Recognition of Sound Emitting Direction Using in Evacuation Guidance System
pp. 5585-5594(10)
Author: Miyoshi, Tetsuya

Low order modelling of thermoacoustic instabilities in aero-propulsion engines
pp. 5595-5604(10)
Authors: Surendran, Aswathy; Boakes, Charles; Yang, Dong; Morgans, Aimee

Adapting a slit model to determine the aeroacoustic response of tube rows
pp. 5605-5614(10)
Authors: Surendran, Aswathy; Na, Wei; Boakes, Charles; Yang, Dong; Morgans, Aimee; Boij, Susann

Study on Sound and Vibration Propagation Caused by External Flow Affecting Interior Noise of Railway Vehicles
pp. 5615-5625(11)
Authors: Minorikawa, Gaku; Hotta, Kousuke; Yamano, Noboru

Description of sound absorption by a flat resonator stacking metamaterial with double porosity model
pp. 5626-5632(7)
Authors: Brooke, Daniel Craig; Umnova, Olga; Leclaire, Philippe; Dupont, Thomas

Traffic noise and children's health: New insights from a machine learning algorithm?
pp. 5633-5641(9)
Authors: Spilski, Jan; Giehl, Christoph; Boshuizen, Hendriek; Wong, Albert; Bergström, Kirstin; Lachmann, Thomas; Klatte, Maria

The soundscape approach for people with dementia; using psychoacoustic parameters to select suitable sounds
pp. 5642-5649(8)
Authors: Talebzadeh, Arezoo; Van Renterghem, Timothy; Thomas, Pieter; Devos, Paul; Botteldooren, Dick

Autonomous noise monitoring system based on digital MEMS microphones: development of a smartphone application for remote communication
pp. 5650-5661(12)
Authors: Mello, Felipe Ramos de; Fonseca, William D'Andrea

Analysis and Control of Acoustic Modes in Cylindrical Cavities with application to Direct Field Acoustic Noise (DFAN) Testing.
pp. 5662-5673(12)
Author: Hargreaves, Jonathan

Structural design optimization of a high-speed rotor system for mechanical vibration mitigation
pp. 5674-5681(8)
Authors: Ran, Liaoyuan; Halim, Dunant; Ket Thein, Chung; Galea, Michael

Effects of noise and vibration on operatives with machine interaction in manufacturing environments
pp. 5682-5687(6)
Authors: Buono, Mario; Bevilacqua, Antonella; Capece, Sonia; Lombardi, Ilaria

Listening Difficulty of Public Announcement at Subway Platform with Long Reverberation Time
pp. 5688-5692(5)
Authors: Song, Eun Sung; Kim, Su Hong; Kim, Jeong Hun; Lee, Song Mi; Kim, Do Kyung; Eom, Chun Won; Ryu, Jong Kwan

Acousto-optic sensing for near-field acoustic holography
pp. 5693-5701(9)
Authors: Verburg, Samuel A.; Fernandez-Grance, Efren; Williams, Earl G.

Clustering the residential noise in apartment house based on spectral and temporal analysis
pp. 5702-5708(7)
Authors: Kim, Jeonghun; Lee, Songmi; Kim, Suhong; Song, Eunsung; Kim, Dokyeong; Eom, Chunwon; Ryu, Jongkwan

Sound masking of residential noise by a birdsong depending on spectral and temporal characteristics
pp. 5709-5715(7)
Authors: Lee, Songmi; Eom, Chunwon; Kim, Jeonghun; Kim, Suhong; Song, Eunsung; Kim, Dokyeong; Ryu, Jongkwan

A field experiment on the effect of sound absorption installed to a highly reverberant preschool classroom
pp. 5716-5721(6)
Authors: Kawai, Keiji; Ishizawa, Midori; Matsufuji, Yuuki

Sonic boom, more than two centuries of investigation !
pp. 5722-5727(6)
Author: Coulouvrat, François

A comparative study of semi-empirical noise emission models based on the PANAM and sonAIR aircraft noise simulation tools
pp. 5728-5739(12)
Authors: Felix Greco, Gil; Wienke, Felix; Bertsch, Lothar; Zellmann, Christoph; Schäffer, Beat; Ring, Tobias P.; Langer, Sabine C.

Wave-based numerical investigation on diffraction correction for a low-height barrier in energy-based sound propagation model for road traffic noise
pp. 5740-5750(11)
Authors: Yasuda, Yosuke; Kamiya, Yu; Morinaga, Makoto

The development of sustainable policies to manage noise around airports in Vietnam
pp. 5751-5758(8)
Authors: Vu, Thithanh; Nguyen, Thu Lan; Ohya, Masaharu; Sakoda, Keishi; Yamada, Ichiro

New guidance manual for the monitoring and evaluation of aircraft noise in Vietnam with an experimental application to the aircraft noise monitoring at Noi Bai International Airport
pp. 5759-5768(10)
Authors: Nguyen, Thu Lan; Vu, Thi Thanh; Shinohara, Naoaki; Makino, Koichi; Sakoda, Keishi; Yamada, Ichiro

Basic study on the estimation method of burrows on the seafloor using ultrasound
pp. 5769-5775(7)
Authors: Tachiki, Hajime; Hirasawa, Haruki; Asakura, Takumi; Mizuno, Katsunori; Seike, Koji

Low-noise friction courses containing treated and un-treated crumb rubber to mitigate tyre/road noise in urban contexts
pp. 5776-5783(8)
Authors: Pratico', Filippo G.; Praticò, Filippo G.

A benchmark study on room acoustic simulations with various material input complexities
pp. 5784-5792(9)
Authors: Li, Yue; Meyer, Julie; Lokki, Tapio; Cuenca, Jacques; Atak, Onur; Desmet, Wim

Numerical prediction method for vibration characteristics of steel-framed ALC floor structure
pp. 5793-5799(7)
Authors: Mizunuma, Haruki; Asakura, Takumi; Ishiwatari, Yasuhiko; Shiraishi, Takayuki; Satoh, Fumiaki

Estimation of flexural wavenumbers in the presence of multiple wave components
pp. 5800-5806(7)
Authors: Bavaresco, Milena; Ferguson, Neil; Ibsen, Claus Hessler; Bhaskar, Atul

Confidence in Room Acoustic Design: an Empirical Approach for Classrooms
pp. 5807-5819(13)
Authors: Wei, Weigang; Harvie-Clark, Jack

Augmented reality for visualization of complex vibroacoustic data sets
pp. 5820-5826(7)
Authors: Stewens, Thomas; Adams, Christian; Pfaff, Alexander; Morschel, Christopher

Effect of presence of furnishings on designed and measured reverberation time in school spaces
pp. 5827-5833(7)
Author: Prokofieva, Elena

Unlock the myth of low-frequency footstep thumping noise in lightweight wood floors
pp. 5834-5842(9)
Authors: Hu, Lin; Omeranovic, Anes; Roussiere, Fabrice; Christian, Christian; Gagnon5, Sylvain

Recommendations for the successful design of urban low-noise asphalts - findings from the statistics of over 200 mixtures
pp. 5843-5853(11)
Authors: Bühlmann, Erik; Schlatter, Felix

A basic protocol to characterize classroom acoustics of primary-schools
pp. 5854-5861(8)
Authors: Astolfi, Arianna; Minelli, Greta; Puglisi, Giuseppina Emma

Experimental investigation on a side-by-side twin rotor system in pusher configuration
pp. 5862-5872(11)
Authors: De Paola, Elisa; Di Marco, Alessandro; Stoica, Luana Georgiana; Falcini, Leonardo; Camussi, Roberto

How the causal structures of noise annoyance and sleep effects changed under the significant decrease of aircraft noise
pp. 5873-5883(11)
Authors: Nguyen, Tran Thi Hong Nhung; Trieu, Bach Lien; Nguyen, Thu Lan; Morinaga, Makoto; Morihara, Takashi; Hiraguri, Yasuhiro; Sasazawa, Yosiaki

FDTD-Based Simulation and Analysis of Noise Reduction Effects in Hospital Wards
pp. 5884-5892(9)
Authors: Xu, Yiquan; Xu, Yiquan

Aircraft Approach Noise Trials
pp. 5893-5899(7)
Author: Johansson, Anders

Sensing of aircraft position through IoT camera system installed with a fisheye lens.
pp. 5900-5907(8)
Authors: Maeyama, Takashi; Asakura, Takumi; Mori, Junichi; Morinaga, Makoto; Nishino, Kentaro; Yokoshima, Shigenori; Yamamoto, Ippei

Study on the Optimal Strategy of Campus Concert Hall--Take the Concert Hall of Sun Yat-sen University as an Example
pp. 5908-5915(8)
Author: Yang, Chenxi

Sound absorption of porous composites with heated impervious inclusions
pp. 5916-5925(10)
Authors: Núñez Gómez, Gabriel Ignacio; Venegas, Rodolfo; Boutin, Claude

Classroom acoustics design beyond BB93 - refurbishment of a hearing impaired unit in a mainstream primary school
pp. 5926-5933(8)
Author: Greenland, Emma

Active Vibration Control of a Rotating Mechanical System with a Rigid Coupling using Active Disturbance Rejection Control
pp. 5934-5941(8)
Authors: Lin, Tingyu; Halim, Dunant; Ran, Liaoyuan; Xu, Zhuang; Thein, Chung Ket

The evolution of a lexicon for Sustainable Acoustics
pp. 5942-5949(8)
Author: Rogers, Peter

Active Control of an Unbalanced Rotor System using Active Bearings and the Generalized Disturbance Estimation
pp. 5950-5958(9)
Authors: Ran, Liaoyuan; Halim, Dunant; Lin, Tingyu; Thein, Chung Ket; Galea, Michael

Gym Acoustics Guidance - the standardised UK approach
pp. 5959-5970(12)
Authors: Rogers, Peter; Woodhams, Sebastian

Audio augmentation of car journeys to improve occupants' well-being
pp. 5971-5980(10)
Authors: Podwinska, Zuzanna; Harris, Lara; Jackson, Andrew; Welham, Connor; Elliott, Andrew

Citizen Science and Soundscape Perception during Covid restrictions in the UK
pp. 5981-5992(12)
Authors: Rogers, Peter; Smith, Jim; Ward, Ben